
A Ukrainian-American acquaintance of mine recently likened Ukrainian political figure Yulia Tymoshenko to a Stalinist because the name of her party (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) has a cult of personality aspect. I nevertheless shy away from the loaded Stalinist label. Outside of North Korea's Kim Jong Il, I'm hard pressed to find a present day world leader who comes close to matching the Soviet dictator. Even Kim Jong Il falls well short of the ruthless standard set by “Uncle Joe.”
Politics is a business. Corporations are often named after their respective founders. For this reason, it's somewhat surprising to see so few political parties (the world over) named after the party leader. Like her or not, Tymoshenko has that charismatic touch.
Nouveau Stalinism (my creation) as opposed to Stalinism is a much better designation to describe some contemporary politicians around the world. Whether in business or politics, I use this term to describe entities that promote toadies over talent with a supreme duce at the helm. In this environment, the domineering leader is marked by his/her Machiavellian ability to pull strings, while shifting seamlessly from one position to another. In a nouveau Stalinist environment, dissidents aren't jailed or beaten. Rather, they're excluded from the process. Opponents suffer political deaths as opposed to actually being killed.
I compare Tymoshenko to the late Slobodan Milosevic, because at one time or another, both leaders utilized Communist, pragmatist and nationalist positions for purely opportunistic reasons (on the Stalin label, Chicago Governor Rob Blagojevich erroneously linked Milosevic to Stalin). Whereas other politicians show a greater sincerity to a given ideology, the Tymoshenkos and Milosevics move in whatever direction they see fit for acquiring and maintaining power.
In the last few years, Tymoshenko has been described by some political observers as a Ukrainian nationalist. The Galician region of western Ukraine is a hot bed of a Ukrainian nationalism that favors separating Ukraine from Russia as much as possible. My disagreements with the Galician Ukrainian nationalist vision simultaneously recognizes that this point of view springs from true believers. Galicia's overall numbers in Ukraine limit its clout. This is made up in part by some zealous activists in that region, combined with its relatively large and passionate lobbying diaspora in the West. North America's image of Ukraine is greatly shaped by the transplanted Galician perspective. One which is disproportionate to the overall pro-Russian stance found in Ukraine itself.
Galicia's overall small numbers in Ukraine limit its clout. Galician nationalists aren't pleased about having to accept other regions outside of Galicia as the sources for electable Ukrainian Presidents. In 1994, Galicia grudgingly supported Leonid Kravchuk because he was seen as less pro-Russian than his main opponent, Leonid Kuchma (at the time, Kravchuk ran on an anti-Russian platform). Five years later, Galicia overwhelmingly voted to reelect Kuchma, who ran against a weak Communist candidate in Petro Symonenko. During the so called "Orange Revolution" of 2004, I recall how many Galician Ukrainians were infatuated with Tymoshenko. Her appointment as prime minister under Viktor Yushchenko's presidency was popular in Galicia. Now, across Ukraine, there's great apprehension about Yushchenko's presidency. Yushchenko's party finished third in the just completed Rada (parliament) election, with Tymoshenko's party finishing second to Viktor Yanukovych's Party of Regions.
Yushchenko's sacking of Tymoshenko as prime minister paved the way for her to pursue a more independent political path. Like Yushchenko, the ambitious Tymoshenko hails from eastern Ukraine, where her Soviet era manner was very much within the realm of acceptability. Enter the Gorbachev period and those two embrace market reform.

In the recently completed Rada election, Yushchenko's own nationalist credentials gave him the upper hand over Tymoshenko in Galicia. In the 1980s, Yuschenko's wife Katherine Chumachenko (an American by birth) directed the Galician dominated anti-Russian "Captive Nations Committee" (see this British Helsinki Human Rights Group report as well as this statement from the Congress of Russia Americans).
Tymoshenko's "nationalism" proved insufficient for the Galician mindset. In her brief tenure as prime minister, she advocated that Ukraine should wait to join NATO until Russia follows suit. This isn't a popular view in Galicia. On the whole, that region sees Russia as a persistent and inherent adversary of the West. Another non-Galician trait of Tymoshenko is her repeated praise for Russian President Vladimir Putin's crackdown on Russia's oligarchs. This is ironic, considering how many Ukrainians view her as an oligarch.

After the Soviet breakup, Tymoshenko's success in state enterprises led to her being derisively being nicknamed the "Gas Princess." Her sudden acquisition of wealth no doubt involved some shady deals, but a good number of Ukrainians admire Tymoshenko for succeeding in an imperfect system. Others loathe her as a symbol of corrupt politics posing as the champion of democratic reforms.
Michael Averko is a New York based independent foreign policy analyst whose commentary has appeared in Eurasian Home, Johnson's Russia List, Intelligent.Ru, The Moscow Times, New York Times and Newsday.



Comments
Mike
I gather that there are a lot of nouveau Stalinist structures around the world.
Can Tymoshenko's economic and foreign policies be considered as more moderate than those of Yanukovich and Yushchenko?
Posted by: Alexandra | April 4, 2006 4:04 PM
Mishka, do you have a crush on Yulka?
Galicia isn't the only part of Ukraine thinking like that.
Posted by: Zhana Klimova | April 4, 2006 4:39 PM
Mike is right about Galicia being very nationalistic. Of course, this feeling can be found in other parts of Ukraine as well.
Mike, would you describe Putin's government as nouveau Stalinist?
Posted by: Andrew Waller | April 4, 2006 8:23 PM
Class:
Great contributions (Zhana included). It would be great to get others involved.
Tymoshenko's foreign policy is more Russia friendly than Yushchenko and the current Ukrainian foreign minister. She isn't more Russia friendly than Yanukovych. In this sense, she can be seen as a moderate.
There's nothing moderate about how she amassed tremendous wealth. Likewise with her populist outbursts that included a failed attempt to have a Rada session stormed with a street throng because she didn't like how the parliamentary discussion was going.
Yes, besides Galicia - I recognize that an anti-Russian strain exists in other parts of Ukraine. However, as Andy pointed out, this sentiment is more limited elsewhere. As I've previously noted, there's plenty of pro-Russian sentiment to be found in the southern and eastern portions of Ukraine. The central part (inclusive of Kiev and Poltava is a kind of mixed bag).
I don't see Putin as being particularly nouveau Stalinist. On the whole, a Putin cult of personality mindset is relatively limited. As Russia Blog Editor Yuri Mamchur has stated, Putin doesn't fully control the country. This has some good and not so good aspects. The not so good aspects include some distant Russian republics from Moscow having great autonomy along with an arguably greater autocratic leadership. This explains why the Russian constitution was changed to give the presidency greater authority. The hope being that the more democratic center could better influence positive change.
Look at the 24/7 Russian government funded English language news network "Russia Today." It employs the talented Mark Ames of http://www.exile.ru. Ames is an open admirer of anti-Putin National Bolshevik Party leader Edward Limonov. Russia Today also employs Peter Lavelle, who wrote a not so Russia friendly article in UPI this past 12/28. In that article, Lavelle describes Yanukovych's support for Russia in the recent Russo-Ukrainian energy dispute as "bizarre" because (as per Lavelle) the Russian position hurt Ukraine's citizenry. I remain quite disgusted at that article, knowing how many in Ukraine see the Yushchenko government as the main party at fault for escalating that energy squabble. It's tough for me to believe that Lavelle was unaware of this as well. I get the impression that he was writing what the UPI venue wanted to have communicated.
Perhaps we all have a little Stalin in us (some more than others). When it comes to the coverage of Russia and some other issues, I regularly see a nouveau Stalinist manner in English language mass media. There're a number of people expressing agreement with me. They dare not be so open about it out of fear of not appearing at certain high profile venues. I choose to be open about it in the hope that this will encourage a freer English language mass media.
Russia Blog should be applauded for encouraging a spirit where diverse views can interact.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 5, 2006 11:12 AM
The important point about Tymoshenko is that Ukraine rejected the pro-Moscow axis once again, with nearly three quarters of the country voting against it despite all the influence peddling that Russia attempted.
Ukraine will move into the Western camp and there is not a thing Russians can do about it. It need not have happened, except that Russians are so insular and arrogant as to fail to realize that Ukrainians perceive them EXACTLY as Russians perceive Americans.
As for Mr. Averko's statement that "Perhaps we all have a little Stalin in us," this could only be said by someone who didn't have any family members murdered by Stalin (or by Stalin himself!).
Posted by: Kim Zigfeld | April 8, 2006 6:06 AM
Kim Zigfeld is an overly presumptuous individual.
I lost an uncle in the Finnish war. My family doesn't hate the Finns at all for that. Our hatred is towards Stalin for sending untrained youths to a certain death thanks to poor military planning.
Kim Zigfeld is apparently unaware that the Russocentric candidate Viktor Yanukovych whupped the Orange candidate in the recent Rada elections. Polls show that most of Ukraine's citizenry don't see Russia as an enemy and that many view Russia as an ally.
This article of mine goes into further detail on the realities which Kim Zigfeld ducks:
PERSONALIZING NEWS ISSUES TO UNDERSCORE AN AGENDA
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 10, 2006 5:21 PM
Kim Zigfeld is an overly presumptuous individual.
I lost an uncle in the Finnish war. My family doesn't hate the Finns at all for that. Our hatred is towards Stalin for sending untrained youths to a certain death thanks to poor military planning.
Kim Zigfeld is apparently unaware that the Russocentric candidate Viktor Yanukovych whupped the Orange candidate in the recent Rada elections. Polls show that most of Ukraine's citizenry don't see Russia as an enemy and that many view Russia as an ally.
This article of mine goes into further detail on the realities which Kim Zigfeld ducks:
PERSONALIZING NEWS ISSUES TO UNDERSCORE AN AGENDA
http://english.intelligent.ru/cgi-bin/loadtext.pl?id=7870&file=articles/text_e0092.htm
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 10, 2006 5:25 PM
Her's the link to that mentioned article of mine:
http://english.intelligent.ru/cgi-bin/loadtext.pl?id=7870&file=articles/text_e0092.htm
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 10, 2006 5:53 PM
This Kim Zigfeld isn't nice or fair.
Mishka and myself are Russian. We should hate our Russian heritage? Non-Russians in the USSR were better?
Posted by: Zhana Klimova | April 11, 2006 12:03 PM
Stalin was a Georgian, "Iron Feliks", the founder of the NKVD, was Polish by birth...etc.
Posted by: Charlie Ganske | April 11, 2006 12:09 PM
Right you are Charles.
This blog is doing a great service.
Mike, that intelligent.ru article is probably your best. Was that your last article there? Intelligent.ru has become a shill for Peter Lavelle's material.
Posted by: Andrew Waller | April 11, 2006 12:36 PM
Kim
Love of Russia doesn't mean a hatred of America.
Mike
That article you linked was great.
Andrew
What happened at that site? A question for Mike as well.
Posted by: Alexandra | April 11, 2006 2:20 PM
Folks:
I really appreciate the feedback, inclusive of the non-posted private emails I've received. Nice to know that there's an interest in the involved subject matter.
In answer to Alexandra, the English language mass media coverage of Russia is grossly inept. I'm sorry to say that this includes some of those considered as being on the Russia friendly side. I've had some not so nice experiences with people who have lacked a certain nobleness. Rather than repeat myself, I link this material of mine:
http://talk.guardian.co.uk/WebX?14@743.SUdtjVCBuHj.16@.77480649/1231
http://talk.guardian.co.uk/WebX?14@743.SUdtjVCBuHj.18@.77480649/1232
http://talk.guardian.co.uk/WebX?14@743.SUdtjVCBuHj.60@.77480649/2115
http://talk.guardian.co.uk/WebX?14@743.SUdtjVCBuHj.61@.77480649/2116
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 11, 2006 4:50 PM
This is what wiki has to say on YT: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuliya_Tymoshenko
Posted by: Henry James | April 12, 2006 3:44 PM
Re: Kim's last post
Kim really shows a great ignorance about the media situation in Russia and America.
I reference the archived 2005 Media section of Intelligent.ru which has a series of fact based articles on the subject:
http://english.intelligent.ru/archive/media.htm
What I said about how Ukraine's citizenry view Russia, is a well established matter of fact. The Party of Regions beat Yushchenko's party and Tymoshenko's populist bloc. In addition, to the Party of Regions, there're a number of smaller parties in Ukraine favoring closer ties to Russia.
Kim appears extremely warped as I've seen no one at Russia Blog defend Stalin.
Is Kim some kind of a plant to make those thinking like myself look brilliant? If so, we don't need such help.
I already replied to Kim's propaganda about Chechnya at another Comments section of Russia Blog.
Henry:
The above Tymoshenko article references Wiki (not that I'm always such a big fan of that source).
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 12, 2006 4:58 PM
Kim, please show how 75% of Ukraine is anti-Russian.
Mike isn't making up the fact that many in Ukraine favor close ties to Russia. He also confirms an anti-Russian faction in Ukraine.
Do you have any remorse for his uncle's death and Mike's family's grief over his passing? You come across as a very cold and shallow person.
What is it that you factually know to the contrary?
Posted by: Andrew Waller | April 13, 2006 11:18 AM
Andrew said what I was about to post.
Kim, it's obvious that you know little about Russia and have some deep rooted prejudices. Mike Averko doesn't appear to be making up anything. You continue to harbor very biased views going against reality.
Mike, those Guardian links about your troubles with the media are distressing. I wish you well.
Posted by: Alexandra | April 13, 2006 2:05 PM
My father never killed a Finn. Where did I ever say differently? My father was a Finnishphile.
In Kim's simple world, one can argue that those American soldiers who died in Vietnam should be considered as being exempted from remorse.
In Vietnam, a bigger country attacked another country, killing hundreds of thousands of civilians.
Oh yes, I know that Ho Ch Minh was no democrat. Neither was Mannerheim in Finland.
There was no Viet Cong like oppostion to Ho in North Vietnam. Meanwhile, in South Vietnam, there was support for Ho in the Viet Cong. Eisenhower is on record for saying that Ho would have won an election in South Vietnam.
I can't hate Kim because the exhibited stupidity factor is just so extreme. Kim can't even correctly report on the recent Rada results.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 13, 2006 5:44 PM
Once again, the Finns didn't kill my father and I never said such.
Any sane minded persaon reading this exchange will have Kim pegged as the sole loon.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 15, 2006 12:01 AM
The Nazi concept of the big lie is to repeat a fallacy over and over again, while not addessing the fact based views running contrary to the given propaganda line.
All of the individuals referred to in my previously cited Intelligent.ru article "Personalizing News Issues to Underscore an Agenda" are real people, who have complimented me on that piece.
As for the referenced Ukrainian-American acquaintance of mine, "she" (Kim Zigfeld's statement to the contrary) is a he and he said what I claimed (in the opening of the above article on Tymoshenko) at another venue.
http://forums.nytimes.com/top/opinion/readersopinions/forums/international/easterneuropeandrussia/index.html?offset=20707
People who know me well enough recgonize that I scorn politcally censored environments. A point discussed in this Comments section of Russia Blog.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 15, 2006 12:53 PM
Zhana, Andrew, Charles and Mike:
All of you have made informative contributions.
At this stage, it's clear that Kim isn't able to engage in an acceptable discourse of fully grasping what has been communicated.
Mike, please concentrate your efforts on writing new articles.
I look forward to reading them.
Posted by: Alexandra | April 15, 2006 5:35 PM
Yeah, this is getting kind of like professional wrestling.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 16, 2006 10:26 PM
Alexandra is right Mishka.
Kim is a waste of your time.
Your time is better spent on writing some more brilliant articles.
Posted by: Zhana Klimova | April 17, 2006 12:22 PM
Hey Mike, Lavelle's forum has been awfully quiet lately.
Do you think that your emailed retorts about it have had any kind of an influence?
Posted by: Andrew Waller | April 17, 2006 8:17 PM
Possibly Andy. Though there would obviously be no kind of a formal admission.
Here's a Yulia Tymoshenko update:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4918658.stm
Orange mixed with blue makes for a color other than orange. Never mind that the initial orange coalition wasn't monolithic.
A point noted at the end of my above article.
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 18, 2006 3:23 PM
And you just told another lie.
Yanukovych isn't a member of the CP. He once was as was true of Yushchenko and perhaps Tymoshenko (I'm not so sure of the latter).
Off hand, if I'm not mistaken, Yanukovych's party received 35% of the vote. This doesn't include the Communists and others like Vitrenko's party.
Did Tymoshenko and Yushchenko form an alliance?
Posted by: Michael Averko | April 19, 2006 5:20 PM
What are your new articles going to be about Mishka?
Posted by: Zhana Klimova | April 21, 2006 1:04 PM
Mike
As a second notice, you should let Kim be.
You did a wonderful job.
Posted by: Alexandra | April 21, 2006 4:59 PM
You can't be 34668 serious?!?
Posted by: Max Ballstein | June 23, 2006 2:07 AM